C A R L   B A T T
PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR

The next generation of scientists will need to have a broad base of skills; no individual with training in a single discipline will solve any of the coming challenges that we face. Our group looks at a broad range of problems and we collectively design solutions working in collaboration with groups through the university, academia and industry. We also seek solutions that have some practical endpoint, to see that our work will some day be useful. And we work with students of all ages, from the very young to the very old.

C U R R E N T  R E S E A R C H

Two areas currently attract our attention. In close collaboration with the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research we are pursuing the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. To reach this goal we have just completed the construction of a GMP Bioproduction Facility, the only one in existence in an academic setting in the U.S. We are also applying the tools and the processes of nanofabrication to create a new generation of sensors and other tiny devices.

 

I N T E R E S T S / W O R K   I N   P R O G R E S S

What we do:

• Development and implement processes for the recombinant production of therapeutic proteins
• Explore the use of nanoscale materials inspired by biological systems.
• Design and create novel biosensors.
• Create hands-on science for young students and engage them in thinking about how cool it is to be a scientist.

E D U C A T I O N

B.S., Microbiology, Kansas State University
M.S., Food Science, Rutgers University
Ph.D., Food Science, Rutgers University

 

  P U B L I C A T I O N S

• Batt, C. and Solberg, M. (1982) Asexual developmental markers in an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus. Can. J. Microbiol 28:1206-1209.
• Batt, C. and Solberg, M. (1983) Effect of volatile components of carrot seed oil in growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. J. Food Sci. 48:762-764.
• Batt, C. and Solberg, M. (1985) Association of lactase activity with conidiation in an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus. FEMS Letters 27:277-280.
• Batt, C.A., Claps, M.C., Bodis, M.S., Jamas, S. and Sinskey, A.J. (1985) Analysis of xylose operon regulation by Mud-lac fusion: Trans effect of plasmid coded xylose operon. Can. J. Microbiol. 31:930-933.
• Batt, C.A., Carvallo, S., Easson, D.D., Akedo, M. and Sinskey, A.J. (1985) Evidence for a xylose metabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 28:549-543.
• Batt, C.A., Shanabruch, W. and Sinskey, A.J. (1985) Expression of pAM?l tetracycline resistance in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Segregation of antibiotic resistance due to intramolecular recombination. Biotech. Lett. 7:717-722.
• Batt, C.A., Novak, S.R., O'Neill, E.O., Ko, J. and Sinskey, A.J. (1986) Hyperexpression of Escherichia coli xylose isomerase. Biotechnol. Prog. 2:140-144.
• Jamieson, A.C., Vandeyar, M.A., Kang, Y.C., Kinsella, J.E. and Batt, C.A. (1987) Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the bovine ?-lactoglobulin gene. Gene 61: 85-88.
• Chow, J.J., Batt, C.A. and Sinskey, A.J. (1988) Characterization of Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteriophage ch2. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54: 1138-42.
• Hahm, Y.T. and Batt, C.A. (1988) Genetic transformation of an argB- strain of Aspergillus oryzae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 1610-1611.
• Vandeyar, M.A., Weiner, M.P., Hutton, C.J. and Batt, C.A. (1988) A simple and rapid method for the selection of oligonucleotide-directed mutants. Gene 65, 129-133.
• Kim, S.G. and Batt, C.A. (1988) Heterologous expression of the Escherichia coli ?-galactosidase gene in Streptococcus lactis by translational fusion. Food Microbiol. 5, 59-73
• Wong, D.W.S., Yee, L.N.H. and Batt, C.A. (1989) Thermal inducible expression of xylose isomerase and its performance in a hollow fiber bioreactor. J. Ind. Microbiol. 4, 1-5.
• Wong, D.W.S., Batt, C.A. and Kinsella, J.E. (1990) Purification and characterization of rat liver transglutaminase. Inter. J. Biochem. 22, 53-59.
• Batt, C.A., Jamieson, A.J. and Vandeyar, M.A. (1990) Identification of essential histidine residues in the active site of the Escherichia coli xylose (glucose) isomerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 618-622
• Batt, C.A. (1990) A simple procedure for the in vitro selection of oligonucleotide primed site-directed mutations. DNA Prot. Eng. Tech. 2, 48-50.
• Batt, C.A., Rabson, L.D., Wong, D.W.S. and Kinsella, J.E. (1990) Expression of recombinant bovine ?-lactoglobulin in Escherichia coli. Agr. Biol. Chem. 54, 949-955.
• Silva, M, Wong, D.W.S. and Batt, C.A. (1990) Cloning and sequencing of the genomic bovine ?-lactoglobulin gene. Nucl. Acid. Res. 18, 3051.
• Hahm, Y.T. and Batt, C.A. (1990) Expression and secretion of thaumatin from Aspergillus oryzae. Agr. Biol. Chem. 54, 2513-2520.
• Batt, C.A., Webb, J., Oren, P. and Flick, P. (1990) An improved method for oligonucleotide mediated site-directed mutagenesis. Biotechniques 9, 555-556.
• Kim, J.H. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Molecular characterization of a Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage F4-1. Food Microbiol. 8, 15-26.
• Kim, J.H. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Nucleotide sequence and deletion analysis of a gene coding for a structural protein of Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage F4-1. Food Microbiol. 8, 27-32.
• Kim, S.G. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Identification of a nucleotide sequence conserved in Lactococcus lactis bacteriophages. Gene 98, 95-100.
• Kim, S.G. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Antisense mRNA mediated bacteriophage resistance in Lactococcus lactis. Appl. Environ. Micro. 57, 1109-1113.
• Wong, D.W.S., Batt, C.A. and Kinsella, J.E. (1991) Expression of the transglutaminase gene in Escherichia coli. Inter. J. Biochem. 23, 947-953.
• Chung, D.K., Kim, J.H. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the major capsid protein of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris bacteriophage F4-1. Gene 101, 121-125.
• Tortorello, M.L., Billota, S., Woolf, H.D., Bender, J. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Extending the shelf-life of cottage cheese: Identification of spoilage flora and their control using food grade preservatives Amer. Cult. Dairy Prod. J. 26:8-12.
• Whitaker, R.D. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Characterization of the heat shock response in Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. Appl. Environ. Micro. 57:1408-1412.
• Gavalchin, J., Tortorello, M.L., Malek, R., Landers, M. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Isolation of monoclonal antibodies that react preferentially with Listeria monocytogenes. Food Microbiol. 8, 325-330.
• Winters, D.A. and Batt, C.A. (1991) Irreversible denaturation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus b-galactosidase. Milchwissenschaft 46, 753-757.
• Bor, Y-C., Moraes, C., Lee, S-P., Crosby, W., Sinskey, A.J. and Batt, C.A. (1992) Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Lactobacillus brevis xylose isomerase. Gene 114, 127-131
• Kim, J.K., Kim, S.G., Chung, D.K., Bor Y.C. and Batt, C.A. (1992) Use of antisense mRNA to engineer a bacteriophage resistant lactic acid starter culture. J. Ind. Microbiol 10, 71-78.
• Chung, D.C. Chung, S.K. and Batt, C.A. (1992) Antisense RNA directed against the major capsid protein of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris confers resistance to the host strain. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37, 235-240.
• Jamieson, A.C. and Batt, C.A. (1992) Fluorescent properties of the Escherichia coli D-xylose isomerase active site. Prot. Eng. 5, 235-240.
• Kim, S.G., Bor, Y-C. and Batt, C.A. (1992) Bacteriophage resistance engineered into a strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis using antisense ribonucleic acid. J. Dairy Sci. 75, 1761-1767.
• Wiedmann, M., Czajka, J., Barany, F. and Batt, C.A. (1992) Discrimination of Listeria monocytogenes from other Listeria species by ligase chain reaction. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 3443-3447.
• Batt, C.A., Cho, Y. and Jamieson, A.C. (1993) A simple and rapid method for the selection of oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutants. Meth. Enzymol. 217, 280-286.
• Czajka, J., Bsat, N., Piani, M., Russ, W., Sultana, K., Wiedmann, M., Whitaker, R. and Batt, C.A. (1993) Differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua by 16S rDNA and intraspecies discrimination of Listeria monocytogenes strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA polymorphisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 304-308.
• Herrick, J.B., Madsen, E.J., Batt, C.A. and Ghiorse, W.C. (1993) Polymerase chain reaction amplification of naphthalene catabolic and 16S rRNA gene sequences from indigenous sediment bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 687-694.
• Kim, S. G. and Batt, C. A. (1993) Cloning and sequencing the Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis groESL operon. Gene 127, 121-126
• Lee, S.P. and Batt, C.A. (1993) A micro-scale method for measuring the hardness of heat induced protein gels. Food Texture 24, 73-79.
• . Winn-Deen, E., Batt, C.A. and Wiedmann, M. (1993) Non-radioactive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis LCR products in a microtitreplate format. Mol. Cell Probes 7, 179-186.
• Bsat, N. and Batt, C.A. (1993) A combined modified reverse dot blot and nested PCR assay for the specific nonradioactive detection of Listeria monocytogenes Mol. Cell. Probes 7, 199-207.
• Lee, S.P., Cho, Y. and Batt, C.A. (1993) Enhancing the gelation of ?-lactoglobulin. J. Agr. Food Chem. 41, 1343-1348.
• Wiedmann, M., Barany, F. and Batt, C.A. (1993) Detection of Listeria monocytogenes using a nonisotopic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-couple ligase chain reaction (LCR) assay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 2743-2745.
• Wiedmann, M., Brandon, R., Wagner, P., Dubovi, E. and Batt, C.A. (1993) Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 in bovine semen by a nested PCR assay. J. Virol. Method. 44, 129-140
• Lee, S.P., Kim, D.S., Watkins, S. and C.A. Batt. (1994) Reducing whey syneresis in yogurt by the addition of a thermolabile variant of ?-lactoglobulin. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 58, 309-313.
• Cho, Y., Batt, C.A. and Sawyer, L. (1994) Probing the retinol binding site of bovine ?-lactoglobulin. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 11102-11107.
• Cho, Y. Gu, W., Watkins, S., Lee, S.P., Brady, J.W. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Thermostable variants of bovine ?-lactoglobulin. Prot. Eng. 7, 263-270.
• Wilson, W.J., Wiedmann, M., Dillard, H.R. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Identification of Erwinia stewartii by a ligase chain reaction. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 278-284
• Batt, C.A., Wagner, P., Wiedmann, M., Luo, J., Gilbert, R. (1994) Detection of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency by nonisotopic ligase chain reaction. Anim. Genet. 25, 95-98
• Cha, J., Cho, Y., Whitaker, R.D., Carrell, H.L., Glusker, J.P., Karplus, P.A., and Batt, C.A. (1994) Perturbing the metal site in D-xylose isomerase: The effect of mutation of His-220 on enzyme stability. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 2687-2694.
• Barril, M.J.S., Kim, S.G. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Cloning and sequencing of the Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LM0230 dnaK gene using a PCR-based approach. Gene 142, 91-96.
• Czajka, J. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Verification of causal relationships between Listeria monocytogenes isolates implicated in food-borne outbreaks of listeriosis by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA patterns. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 1280-1287
• Wiedmann, M., Czajka, J., Bsat, N., Bodis, M., Smith, M.C. Divers, T.J. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Diagnosis and epidemiological association of Listeria monocytogenes strains in two outbreaks of listerial encephalitis in small ruminants. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 991-996.
• Silva, M.C., Moré, M.I. and Batt, C.A. (1995) Development of a molecular detection method for naphthalene degrading Pseudomonads. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 18: 225-235
• Silva, M.C. and Batt, C.A. (1995) Effect of cellular physiology on PCR amplification efficiency. Molecular Ecology 4, 11-16.
• Wiedmann, M., Stolle, A. and Batt, C.A. (1995) Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in surface swabs using a nonisotopic polymerase chain reaction-coupled ligase chain reaction assay. Food Microbiol. 12, 151-157.
• Bassler, H.A., Flood, S., Livak, K., Marmaro, J., Knorr, R. and Batt, C.A. (1995) The use of a fluorogenic probe in a PCR-based assay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 3724-3728
• Whitaker, R.W., Cho, Y., Cha, J., Carrell, H.L., Glusker, J.P., Karplus, P.A. and Batt, C.A. 1995. Probing the roles of active site residues in D-xylose isomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 22895-22906.
• Wiedmann, M., Bruce, J.L. Knorr, R., Bodis, M., Cole, E., McDowell, C.I., McDonough, P.L., Hubner, R.J., Webster, J.A. and Batt, C.A. (1996) Ribotype diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains associated with outbreaks of listeriosis in ruminants. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 1086-1090
• Witham, P., Livak, K., Yamashiro, C. and Batt, C.A. (1996). A PCR-based assay for the detection of Escherichia coli shiga-like toxin (SLT) genes in ground beef. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1347-1353.
• Czajka, J. and Batt, C.A. (1996) Development of a solid phase fluorescent immunoassay for the detection of Salmonella. J. Food Prot. 59, 922-927
• Welker, C., Faiola, N., Davis, S., Maffatore, I. and Batt, C.A. (1996) Bacterial retention and cleanability of plastic and wood cutting boards using commercial foodservice maintenance practice. J. Food Prot. 60, 407-413.
• dela Rua Dominich,R., Mohammed, H.O., Wiedmann, M. and Batt, C.A. (1996) Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the equine CU/Zn superoxide dismutase cDNA and it relationship with equine motor neuron disease. Gene 178, 83-88
• Czajka, J. and Batt, C.A. (1996) A solid phase fluorescent capillary immunoassay for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef and apple cider. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 81, 601-607
• Chatel, J-M., Bernard, H., Clement, G., Frobert, Y., Batt, C.A., Gavalchin, J., Peltre, G. and Wal, J-M. (1996) Expression, purification and immunochemical characterization of recombinant bovine ?-lactoglobulin, a major cow milk allergen. Mol. Immunol. 33, 1113-1118
• Rivas, A.L. Gonzalez, R.N., Wiedmann, M., Bruce, J.L. Cole, E.M., Bennett, G.J., Schulte, H.F., Wilson, D.J., Mohammed, H.O. and Batt, C.A. (1996) Diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus ribotypes recovered from New York dairy herds. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 58, 482-487
• Wiedmann, M., Arvik, T. Bruce, J.L., Neubauer, J., del Piero, F., Smith, M.C., Hurley, J. and Batt, C.A. (1997) Origin and spread of Listeria monocytogenes in an epizootic of listeriosis in sheep Amer. J. Vet. Res. 58, 733-737.
• Wiedmann, M., Bruce, J.L., McDonough, P.L. and Batt, C.A. (1997) Ribotypes and virulence gene polymorphisms suggest three distinct Listeria monocytogenes lineages with differences in their pathogenic potential. Infect. Immun. 65, 2707-2716.
• Erlandson, K. and Batt, C.A. (1997) Strain-specific differentiation of Lactococci in mixed populations using RAPD-derived probes Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 2702-2707
• St. John, P.M., Cady, N., Czajka, J.C., Batt, C.A. and Craighead, H.G. (1997) Diffraction-based cell detection using a microcontact printed antibody grating. J. Clin Chem. 70: 1108-1111
• Kim T-R., Goto, Y., Hirota, N., Kuwata, K., Denton, H., Wu, S-Y., Sawyer, L. and Batt, C.A. (1997) High level expression of bovine ? -lactoglobulin in Pichia pastoris and characterization of its physical properties. Prot. Eng. 10, 1339-1345.
• Wang, F., Whitaker, R.D. and Batt, C.A. (1998) Production of glucose isomerase in a recombinant strain of Streptomyces lividans. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech 50:65-70.
• Kuwata, K., Hoshino, M., Era, S., Batt, C.A. and Goto, Y. (1998) Heteronuclear NMR characterization of the native ?-sheet and TFE-induced ?-helical states of ?-lactoglobulin. J. Mol. Biol. 283 (4), 731-739.
• Cha, J. and Batt, C.A. (2006) Lowering the pH optimum of D-xylose isomerase: the effect of mutations of the negatively charged residues. Mol. Cell. 8 74-384
• Denton, H., Smith, M., Husi, H., Uhrin, D., Barlow, P.N., Batt, C.A. and Sawyer, L. (1998) Isotopically labeled bovine ?-Lactoglobulin for NMR studies expressed in Pichia pastoris. Prot. Exp. Purif., 14: 97-103
• Chaillou, S., Bor, Y-C., Batt, C.A., Postma, P.W. and Pouwels, P.H. (1998) Molecular cloning and functional expression in Lactobacillus plantarum 80 of xylT, encoding the D-xylose-H+ symporter of Lactobacillus brevis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 4720-4728.
• Norton, D.M. and Batt, C.A. (1999) Detection of viable Listeria monocytogenes by a 5' nuclease PCR assay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:2122-2127.
• Kuwata K., Hoshino M., Forge V., Era S., Batt C.A., Goto, Y. (1999) Solution structure and dynamics of bovine beta-lactoglobulin A. Protein Sci. 11, 2541-5.
• Forge, V., Hoshino, M., Kuwata, K., Arai, M., Kuwajima, K., Batt, C. A. and Goto, Y. (2000) Is Folding of ?-lactoglobulin non-hierarchic? Intermediate with native-like ?-sheet and non-native ?-helix.. J. Mol. Biol. 296 : 1039-1051.
• Kim, Y-R. Czajka, J. and Batt, C.A. (2000) Development of a fluorogenic probe-based PCR assay for detection of Bacillus cereus in nonfat dry milk. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 1453-1459.
• Ilic, B., Czaplewski, D, Craighead, H.G., Neuzil, P, Campagnolo, C. and Batt, C.A. (2000) Mechanical resonant immunospecific biological detector. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77: 450-453.
• Erlandson, K.A., Park, J-H, Wissam, E-K., Kao, H-H., Basaran, P., Brydges, S. and Batt, C.A. (2000) Dissolution of xylose metabolism in Lactococcus lactis . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 3974-3980.
• Kauffmann, E., Darnton, N.C., Austin, R.H., Batt, C.A. and Gerwert, K. (2001) The ?-sheet to ?-helix transition of ?-lactoglobulin monitored in real-time with a microfabricated IR mixer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:6646-6649.
• Erlandson, E., Delamarre, S.C. and Batt, C.A. (2001) Genetic Evidence for a defective xylan degradation pathway in Lactococcus lactis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 67: 1445-1452.
• Kuwata K, Shastry R, Cheng H, Hoshino M, Batt CA, Goto Y, Roder H. (2001) Structural and kinetic characterization of early folding events in beta-lactoglobulin. Nat Struct Biol. 8:151-155.
• Kalidas, C., Joshi, L. and Batt, C.A. (2001) Characterization of glycosylated variants of ?-lactoglobulin expressed in Pichia pastoris. Prot. Engineer. 14: 201-207.
• Rivas, A.L., Bodis, M., Bruce, J.L., Anderson, Klein, R.F., Gonzalez, R.N., Quimby, F.W., Batt, C.A. and Lein, D.H. (2001) Molecular epidemiologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of various ribotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from humans and ruminants. AJVR 62: 864-870.
• Pollack, L., Tate, M.W., Finnefrock, A.C, Kalidas, C., Trotter, S., Darnton, N.C., Lurio, L., Austin. R.H., Batt, C.A., Gruner, S.M., and Mochrie, S.G. (2001) Time resolved collapse of a folding protein observed with small angle x-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 86: 4962-4965
• Katou, H., Hoshino, M., Kamikubo, H., Batt, C.A., and Goto, Y. (2001) Native-like beta-hairpin retained in the cold-denatured state of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. J Mol Biol 310:471-484
• Kuwata, K., Li, H, Yamada, H., Batt, C.A., Goto, Y., and Akasaka, K. (2001) High pressure NMR reveals a variety of fluctuating conformers in beta-lactoglobulin. J Mol Biol 305:1073-1083
• Bruno, J.G., Ulvick, S.J., Uzzell, G.L, Tabb, J.S., Valdes E.R., and Batt C.A. (2001) Novel Immuno-FRET Assay Method for Bacillus Spores and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 287:875-80.
• Ilic, B., Czaplewski, D., Zalalutdinov, M., Craighead, H.G., Neuzil, P., Campagnolo C. and Batt. C.A. (2001) Single cell detection with micromechanical oscillators J. Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 19:2825–2828.
• Naal, Z., Park, J.H., Bernhard, S. Shapleigh, J.P., Batt, C.A. and Abruna, H.D. (2002) Amperometric TNT biosensor based on the oriented immobilization of a nitroreductase maltose binding protein fusion. Anal Chem. 74:140-148
• Lunge, V.R., Miller, B.J., Livak, K.J. and Batt, C.A. (2002) Factors affecting the performance of 5' nuclease PCR assays for Listeria monocytogenes detection. J. Microbiol. Meth. 51: 361-368
• Takada, K.; Naal, Z.; Park, J.-H.; Shapleigh, J. P.; Bernhard, S.; Batt, C. A. and Abruna, H. D (2002) Study of specific binding of maltose binding protein to pyrrole-derived bipyridinium film by quartz crystal microbalance. Langmuir 18: 4892-4897.
• Yagi, M., Sakurai, K., Kalidas, C., Batt, C.A, and Goto, Y. (2003) Reversible unfolding of bovine beta -lactoglobulin mutants without a free thiol group. J Biol. Chem. 278: 47009-47015
• Cady, N.C., Stelick, S. and Batt, C.A. (2003) Nucleic acid purification using microfabricated silicon structures. Biosen. Bioelec. 19: 59-66.
• Kim, Y-R., Paik., H-j., Ober, C.K, Coates, G.W. and Batt, C.A. (2004) Enzymatic surface-initiated polymerization: A novel approach for the in situ solid phase synthesis of the biocompatible polymer, poly[3-hydroxybutyrate] Biomacromolecules 5: 889-894.
• Bergkvist, M., Mark, S.S., Yang, X., Angert, E.R. and Batt, C.A. (2004) Bionanofabrication of ordered nanoparticle arrays: Effect of particle concentration and adsorption conditions. J. Phys. Chem B 108: 8241-8248
• Park, J-H. and Batt, C.A. (2004) Restoration of a Defective Lactococcus lactis Xylose Isomerase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 4318-4325
• Zhu, Z-T., Mabeck, J.T., Zhu, C., Cady, N.C., Batt, C.A. and Malliaras, G.G. (2004) A simple poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) transistor for glucose sensing at neutral pH. Chem. Comm. 13:1556-7.
• Joosten, C.E., Cohen, L.S., Ritter, G, Batt, C.A. and Shuler, M.L. (2004) Glycosylation profiles of the human colorectal cancer A33 antigen naturally expressed in the human colorectal cancer cell line SW1222 and expressed as recombinant protein in different insect cell lines. Biotechnol. Prog. 20:1273-1279
• Damasceno, L.M., Pla, I., Chang, H.J., Cohen, L., Ritter, G., Old L.J., Batt. C.A. (2004) An optimized fermentation process for high-level production of a single-chain Fv antibody fragment in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr. Purif. 37:18-26.
• Mark S.S., Sandhyarani, N., Zhu, C., Campagnolo, C., Batt C.A. (2004) Dendrimer-functionalized self-assembled monolayers as a surface plasmon resonance sensor surface. Langmuir. 20:6808-6817.
• Campagnolo, C., Meyers, K.J., Ryan, T, Atkinson, R.C., Chen, Y-T., Scanlan, M.J., Ritter, G., Old, L.J. and Batt. C.A. (2004) Real-time label-free monitoring of tumor antigen and serum antibody interactions. J. Biochem. Biophy. Meth. 61: 283-298
• Niamsiri, N., Delamarre, S.C., Kim, Y.R. and Batt, C.A. (2004) Engineering of chimeric class II polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:6789-6799
• Shah, D., Maiti, P., Gunn, E., Schmidt, D.F., Jiang, D.D., Batt, C.A. and Giannelis, E.P. (2004) Dramatic enhancements in toughness of polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites via nanoclay-directed crystal structure and morphology. Adv. Mater. 16: 1173-1177.
• Tyner, K.M., Roberson, M.S., Berghorn, K.A. Li, L., Gilmour, R.F., Batt, C.A. and Giannelis, E.P. (2004) Intercalation, delivery, and expression of the gene encoding green fluorescence protein utilizing nanobiohybrids. J. Control. Release 100: 399-409.
• Shah, D., Maiti, P., Jiang, D.D., Batt, C.A. and Giannelis, E.P. (2005) Effect of nanoparticle mobility on toughness of polymer composites. Adv. Material. 17: 525-528.
• Paik, H-J., Kim, Y.R., Orth, R.N., Ober, C.K., Coates, G.W. and Batt, C.A. (2005) End functionalization of poly (3-hyrdroxybutyrate) via genetic engineering for solid surface modification. Chem. Commun. 15: 1956-58
• Stelick, S.J., Alger, W.H., Laufer, J.S., Waldron, AM., and Batt, C.A. (2005) Hands-on classroom photolithography laboratory to explore nanotechnology J. Chem. Educ. 82: 1361-1364.
• Delamarre, S.C., Chang, H-Y and Batt, C.A. (2005) Identification and characterization of two polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis loci in Pseudomonas sp. Strain 3Y2. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 69: 293-303.
• Cady, N.C., Stelick, S., Kunnavakkam, M.V. and Batt, C.A. (2005) Real-time PCR detection of Listeria monocytogenes using an integrated microFLUIDICS platform. Sens. Actuators. B 107: 332-341
• Delamarre, S.C. and Batt, C.A. (2006) Comparative study of promoters for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in recombinant strains of Wautersia eutropha. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 71: 668-679
• Kim, Y-R., Paik, H-j., Ober, C.K., Coates, G.W., Mark, S.S., Ryan, T.E. and Batt, C.A. (2006) Real-time analysis of enzymatic surface initiated polymerization using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Macromol. Biosci. 6: 145-152
• Mark, S. S., Bergkvist, M., Yang, X., Angert, E. R. and Batt, C. A. (2006) Self-Assembly of Dendrimer-Encapsulated Nanoparticle Arrays Using 2-D Microbial S-Layer Protein Biotemplates. Biomacromolecules 7: 1884-1897
• Bhatnagar, P., Mark, S.S., Kim, I., Chen, H., Schmidt, B., Lipson, M. and Batt, C.A. (2005) Dendrimer-scaffold-based electron-beam patterning of biomolecules. Adv. Material. 18: 315-319.
• Mark, S.S., Bergkvist, M., Yang, X., Teixeira, L.M., Bhatnagar, P., Angert, E.R. and Batt, C.A. (2006) Bionanofabrication of metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles arrays using S-layer protein lattices with different lateral spacings. Langmuir. 22: 3763-3774.
• Pla, I.A., Damasceno, L.M., Vannelli, T., Ritter, G., Batt, C.A. and Shuler, M.L. (2006) Evaluation of Mut+ and MutS Pichia pastoris phenotypes for high level extracellular scFv expression under feedback control of the methanol concentration. Biotechnol. Prog. 22: 881-888.
• Waldron, A.M., Spencer, D. and Batt, C.A. (2006) The current state of public understanding of nanotechnology. J. Nanoparticle Res. 8: 569-575.
• Damasceno, L.M., Anderson, K.A., Ritter, G., Cregg, J.M., Old, L.J. and Batt, C.A. (2007) Co-overexpression of chaperones for enhanced secretion of a single-chain antibody fragment in Pichia pastoris. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 74: 381-389
• Cady, N.C., Strickland, A.D. and Batt, C.A. (2007) Optimized linkage and quenching strategies for quantum dot molecular beacon. Mol. Cell. Probes 21: 116-124
• Abraham, S. Ha, S-H, Batt, C.A. and Kim, I. (2007) Synthesis of stable “gold nanoparticle-polymeric micelle” conjugates: A new class of star “molecular chimera” that self assemble into linear arrays of spherical micelles. J. Poly. Science A: Poly. Chem. 45: 3570-3579.
• Mark, S.S., Bergkvist, M., Bhatnagar, P., Welch, C., Goodyear, A.L., Yang, X., Angert, E.R. and Batt, C.A. (2007) Thin film processing using S-layer proteins: Biotemplated assembly of colloidal gold etch masks for fabrication of silicon nanopillar arrays. Colloid. Surf. B. 57: 161-173.
• Bhatnagar, P., Strickland, A.D., Kim, I., Malliaras, G.G. and Batt, C.A. (2007) Integrated reactive ion etching to pattern cross-linked hydrophilic polymer structures for protein immobilization. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90: 144107-144109
• Abraham, S., Kim, I. and Batt, C.A. (2007) A facile preparative method for aggregation free gold particles using poly (styrene-block-cysteine). Angewandte Chemie 119: 5822-5825
• Hyun, B-R., Chen, H., Rey, D.A., Wise, F.W. and Batt, C.A. (2007) Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with water-soluble lead salt quantum dots. J. Phys. Chem. B. 111: 5726-30
• Liu, Y., Cady, N. and Batt, C.A. (2007) A plastic microchip for nucleic acid purification. Biomed. Microdev. 9: 769-776
• Sotiropoulou, S., Mark, S.S., Angert, E.R. and Batt, C.A. (2007) Nanoporous S-layer protein lattices. A biological ion gate with calcium selectivity. J. Phys. Chem. C. 111: 13232-13237
• Niamsiri, N., Bergkvist, M., Delamarre, S. Cady, N. C., Coates, G. W., Ober, C. K. and Batt, C. A. (2007) Insight in the role of bovine serum albumin for promoting the in situ surface growth of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) on patterned surfaces via enzymatic surface-initiated polymerization. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 60: 68-79
• Maiti, P,. Batt, C.A. and Gianellis, E.P. (2007). New biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate/layered silicate nanocomposites. Biomacromol. 8: 3393-3400.
• McDevitt, M.R., Chattopadhyay, D., Jaggi, J.S., Finn, R.D., Zanzonico, P.B., Villa, C., Rey, D., Mendenhall, J., Batt, C.A., Njardarson, J.T. and Scheinberg, D.A. (2007) PET-CT imaging of soluble Yttrium-86-labeled carbon nanotubes in mice. PLoS 9:e207.
• Huang, C-J., Chen, R.H., Vannelli, T., Ritter, E., Lee, F., Ritter, G., Old, L.J., and Batt, C.A. (2007) Expression and purification of a cancer antigen SSX2: A potential cancer vaccine. Prot. Exp. Purif. 56: 212-219.
• Curtis, T., Naal, R.M.Z.G., Batt, C.A., Tabb, J. and Holowka, D. (2007) Development of a mast cell-based biosensor. Biosen. Bioelectron. 23: 1024-1031.
• Batt, C.A. and Waldron, A.W. (2007) Numbers, scale and symbols: The public understanding of nanotechnology. J. Nanoparticle Research (published on line 1/12/08).

  BOOK CHAPTERS, REVIEW ARTICLES & PROCEEDINGS:

  
  
• Batt, C. (1979) Interaction of carrot root tissue with an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus M.S. Thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.
• Batt, C., Solberg, M. and Ceponis, M. (1980) Inhibition of aflatoxin production by carrot root extract. J. Food Sci. 45:1210-1213.
• Batt, C.A. (1981) Asexual development in an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.
• Batt, C. (1982) Relationship of asexual development to aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus. J. Food Safety 5:31-40.
• Batt, C.A. and Sinskey, A.J. (1984) Use of biotechnology in the production of single cell protein. Food Technology, February, 1984.
• Batt, C.A. and Sinskey, A.J. (1984) Current status of Genetic Engineering of Lactobacillus. Symp UNIDO. November 26-29, 1984, Mexico.
• Sinskey, A.J. and Batt, C.A. (1985) Biotechnology and the food industry: The international dimension. Flanders Technology International, Ghent, Belgium.
• Batt, C.A. and Sinskey, A.J. (1985) Single Cell Protein: Production, Modification and Utilization. In: Impact of Biotechnology on Food Production and Processing. D. Knorr (ed)., Marcel Dekker, New York.
• Batt, C.A., Follettie, M.T., Shin, H.K., Yeh, P. and Sinskey, A.J. (1985) Genetic engineering of coryneform bacteria. Trends Biotechnol. 3:305-309.
• Batt, C.A. (1986) The use of recombinant DNA techniques to improve lactic acid starter cultures. Proceedings of BioExpo 86. Boston MA, April 29-May 1, 1986 pp 151-170.
• Batt, C.A. (1986) Genetic engineering of Lactobacillus Food Technol. 40:95-98..
• Batt, C.A. (1989) Prokaryotic microorganisms. In: Biotechnology, Volume 7b-Gene Technology. S. Jolly and G. Jacobson (eds) Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany..
• Batt, C.A. (1990) Biotechnology and its implications for the future design and production of food ingredients. In: Bio and Food Engineering. M.A. Rao and H. Scwartzberg (eds). Marcel Dekker Inc.
• Batt, C.A. (1990) Development of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to utilize hemicellulosic biomass. In: Biotechnology for Energy. K.A. Malik, S.H.M. Naqvi and M.I.H. Aleem (eds). Published by the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology. Faisalabad, Pakistan.
• Batt, C.A., Brady, J.W. and Kinsella, J.E. (1990). Design and modification of protein functionality". Proceedings of the International Bio Symposium 90 Nagoya. Pgs 69-73 March 15-17, 1990, Nagoya, Japan.
• Batt, C.A. (1991) Biomass. In: Biotechnology: The science and the business. V. Moses and R. Cape (eds) Harwood Academic Publishers, London, UK.
• Acuff, G.R., Albanese, R.A., Batt, C.A. et al. (1991) Implications of biotechnology, risk assessment and communications for the safety of foods of animal origin. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 199, 1714-1721.
• Gavalchin, J., Landy, K. and Batt, C.A. (1992). Rapid methods for the detection of Listeria. In: Molecular approaches to improving food quality and safety. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY. Pg 189-204.
• Sawyer, L., Morais-Cabral, J.H. and Batt, C.A. (1993) Protein engineering studies of ?-lactoglobulin. Biochemistry of Milk Products. Varley, J. and Andrews, A.T. (eds.) pp 114-126. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.
• Bsat, N., Wiedmann, M., Czajka, J., Barany, F., Piani, M. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Food safety applications of nucleic acid-based assays. Food Technol. 48 142-145.
• Wiedmann, M., Barany, F. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Detection of Listeria monocytogenes by PCR coupled ligase chain reaction (LCR). PCR Protocols. Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H. and Sninsky, J.J. (eds) pp 347-361. Academic Press
• Wiedmann, M., Wilson, W., Czajka, J., Barany, F. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Ligase-mediated detection techniques. Methods in DNA Amplification. Rolfs, A. (ed.) pp 83-92. Plenum Press, New York.
• Wiedmann, M., Wilson, W., Czajka, J., Luo, J., Barany, F. and Batt, C.A. (1994) Ligase chain reaction (LCR) - Overview and applications. PCR Meth. Appl. 3, S51-S64.
• Batt, C.A., Brady, J.W. and Sawyer, L. (1994) Design improvements of ?-lactoglobulin. Trend. Food Sci 5, 261-265.
• Batt, C.A. (1995) Stress response in Lactococcus lactis. pp. 449-454. In J.J. Ferretti, M.S. Gilmore, and T.R. Klaenhammer (eds.) Genetics of the streptococci, enterococci, and lactococci. Dev. Biol. Stand., 85, Basel Press, Karger, Sweden.
• Batt, C.A., Bsat, N. and Erlandson, K. (1995) Design and implementation of a strategy to reduce bacteriophage infection of dairy starter cultures. Int. J. Dairy 5, 949-962.
• Wiedmann, M., Barany, F. and Batt, C.A. (1995) Ligase chain reaction. In C.W. Dieffenbach, and G.S. Dveksler (eds.) PCR primer: A laboratory manual. pp 631-652. Cold Spring Harbor Press. Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
• Pfeffer, M., Wiedmann, M. and Batt, C.A. 1995. Applications of DNA amplification techniques in veterinary diagnostics. Vet. Res. Com. 19, 375-407.
• Batt, C.A. (1996). Molecular diagnostics for dairy-borne pathogens. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 220-229
• Batt, C.A. (1997) Genetic Engineering of Food Proteins. In S. Damodaran and A. Paraf (eds.) Food Proteins and their applications. pp 425-442. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.
• Batt, C.A. (1997) Food Microbiology In R. Dulbecco (ed.) Encyclopedia of Human Biology, Academic Press, San Diego CA
• Batt, C.A. (1999) Bacillus cereus. In Robinson, R., Patel, P. and Batt, C.A. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London 1: 119-124
• Notermans, S. and Batt, C.A. (1998) A risk assessment approach for food-related Bacillus cereus and its toxins. J. Appl. Microbiol. 84: 51S-61S
• Batt, C.A. (1999) Rapid methods for the detection of Listeria. In: E. Reyser and E. Marth (ed.) Listeria, Listeriosis and Food Safety , 2nd Edition. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY
• Batt, C.A. (1999) Lactobacillus. In Robinson, R., Patel, P. and Batt, C.A. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London 2: 1134-1136
• Batt, C.A. (1999) Lactococcus. In Robinson, R., Patel, P. and Batt, C.A. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London 2: 1164-1166
• Batt, C.A. (1999) Listeria. In Robinson, R., Patel, P. and Batt, C.A. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London 2: 1195-1198
• Batt, C.A. (1999) Kluyveromyces. In Robinson, R., Patel, P. and Batt, C.A. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London 2: 1115-1118
• Batt, C.A. (1999) Escherichia coli.. In Robinson, R., Patel, P. and Batt, C.A. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London 1: 633-640
• Delamarre, S. and Batt, C.A. (1999) The microbiology and historical safety of margarine. Food Microbiol. 16: 325-334
• Iqbal S.S., Mayo MW., Bruno J.G., Bronk B.V., Batt C.A., Chambers J.P. (2001) A review of molecular recognition technologies for detection of biological threat agents. Biosens Bioelectron. 15:549-78.
• Campagnolo, C., Ryan, T., Atkinson, R. and Batt, C.A. (2001) Refractive Index-Based Detection of Biomolecular Interactions SPIE Proceedings 4206.
• Kim, Y.-R., H.-j. Paik, C. K. Ober, G. W. Coates, and C. A. Batt. 2002. Enzymatic surface-initiated polymerization of 3-(R)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA: Surface modification of a solid substrate with a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer. Polymer Preprints 43(1),706.
• Batt, C.A. (2002) Science and technology centers and education. Science 297: 2208-2209
• Waldron, A.M. and Batt, C.A. (2004) LESSON PLAN: How small am I? The science of nanotechnology. www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/teachers/lessonplans/science/nano.html
• Batt, C.A., Mark, S., Delamarre, S., Cady, N., Niamsiri, N., Campagnolo, C., Anderson, K. and Damasceno, L. (2004). Too Small to See: The promise and the fear of nanotechnology. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer 57/2004, 1 22-34
• Waldron, A.M., Sheppard, K and Batt, C.A. (2004) Too Small to See : Educating the Next Generation in Nanoscale Science and Engineering. In: Nanofabrication Towards Biomedical Applications: Techniques, Tools, Applications, and Impact C. S. S. R. Kumar, J. Hormes,and C. Leuschner, eds. Wiley-VCH. Weinheim, Germany.
• Cady, N. Stelick, S., Kunnavakkam, M.V., Liu, Y. and Batt C.A. (2004) A Microchip-based DNA Purification and Real-Time PCR Biosensor for Bacterial Detection. Proceedings of IEEE Sensors 2004, Vienna, Austria. 1191-1194.
• Batt, C.A. (2005) Mayonnaise: the original nanotechnology Program #4,421 of the Earth & Sky Radio Series Hosts: Deborah Byrd and Joel Block http://www.earthsky.org/shows/nanotechnology.php?date=20050210
• Batt, C.A. (2005) How small is a nanometer? Program #4,426 of the Earth & Sky Radio Series Hosts: Deborah Byrd and Joel Block February 15, 2005 http://www.earthsky.org/shows/nanotechnology.php?date=20050215
• Cady, N.C. and Batt, C.A. (2006) DNA based biosensors. Encyclopedia of Sensors. Volume 2. Grimes, C.A., Dickey, E.C. and Pishko, M.V., editors. American Scientific Publishers. Stevenson Ranch. CA.
• Delamarre, S.C., Niamsiri, N. and Batt, C.A. (2006). Bionanofabrication: a Tool for creating unique structures through in vitro polymer synthesis. In: Microbial Bionanotechnology: Biological self-assembly systems and biopolymer-based nanostructures. Rehm, B. editor. Horizon Bioscience. Norwich, UK.
• Rey, D.A., Batt, C.A. and Miller, J.C. (2006) Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedical Applications. Nanotechnology Law and Business. 3 (3) 263-292.
• Niamsiri, N., Bergkvist, M. and Batt, C. A. (2007) Integration of Microfabrication and Surface Functionalization Strategies for Analysis of Cell-Surface Interactions “Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering", Editors: Öchsner, A. , Ahmed, W., and Ali, N., Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
• Sotiropoulou, S., Sierra-Sastre, Y., Mark, S. and Batt, C.A. (2007) Biotemplated nanostructured materials. Chem. Material. (accepted).
• Batt, C.A. (2008) Thinking small is not easy. Nature Nanotech. 3:121-12